TOEFL iBTスピーキングで27点を獲得した私が対策とコツを紹介｜Task 6

問題の例
Using points and examples from the talk, describe the two different definitions of tools given by the professor.

・<b>Delivery</b>（流れ、発音、ペース、イントネーション等）
・<b>Language use</b>（文法と単語）
・<b>Topic development</b>（内容）

Using points and examples from the talk, describe the two different definitions of tools given by the professor.

1. トピック
2. 1種類目のトピックと定義
3. 1種類目のトピックの例
4. 2種類目のトピックと定義
5. 2種類目のトピックの例

https://www.ets.org/toefl/ibt/prepare/quick_prep/

音声スクリプト（ETSサンプル問題より引用）
(Female professor) Human beings aren’t the only animals that use tools. It’s generally recognized that other animals use tools as well . . . use them naturally, in the wild, without any human instruction. But when can we say that an object is a tool? Well, it depends on your definition of a tool. And in fact, there are two competing definitions—a narrow definition and a broad one. The narrow definition says that a tool is an object that’s used to perform a specific task . . . but not just any object. To be a tool, according to the narrow definition, the object’s gotta be purposefully changed or shaped by the animal, or human, so that it can be used that way. It’s an object that’s made. Wild chimpanzees use sticks to dig insects out of their nests . . . but most sticks lying around won’t do the job . . . they might be too thick, for example. So the sticks have to be sharpened so they’ll fit into the hole in an ant hill or the insect nest. The chimp pulls off the leaves and chews the stick and trims it down that way until it’s the right size. The chimp doesn’t just find the stick . . . it . . . you could say it makes it in a way. But the broad definition says an object doesn’t have to be modified to be considered a tool. The broad definition says a tool is any object that’s used to perform a specific task. For example, an elephant will sometimes use a stick to scratch its back . . . it just picks up a stick from the ground and scratches its back with it . . . It doesn’t modify the stick, it uses it just as it’s found. And it’s a tool, under the broad definition, but under the narrow definition it’s not because, well, the elephant doesn’t change it in any way.

トピック（T）：Tools

種類1 (T1)：A narrow definition
定義1 (D1)：A tool is an object that’s used to perform a specific task, the object’s gotta be purposefully changed or shaped by the animal, or human, so that it can be used that way.
例１（E1）: Wild chimpanzees use sticks to dig insects out of their nests, the sticks have to be sharpened so they’ll fit into the hole in an ant hill or the insect nest. The chimp pulls off the leaves and chews the stick and trims it down that way until it’s the right size.

種類2 (T2)：A broad definition
定義2 (D1)：Any object that’s used to perform a specific task.
例2（E2）：An elephant will sometimes use a stick to scratch its back, just picks up a stick from the ground and scratches its back with it, it uses it just as it’s found, the elephant doesn’t change it in any way.

1. トピック
2. 1種類目のトピックと定義
3. 1種類目のトピックの例
4. 2種類目のトピックと定義
5. 2種類目のトピックの例
6. コンクルージョン

The professor discusses “tools”.

He describes two types of tools in his lecture.

The professor discusses "tools" and he describes two types/definitions of tools in his lecture.

種類1 (T1)：A narrow definition
定義1 (D1)：A tool is an object that’s used to perform a specific task, the object’s gotta be purposefully changed or shaped by the animal, or human, so that it can be used that way.

The first type is a narrow definition of tools, which the professor defines as an object that’s used to perform a specific task that is purposefully changes or shaped by the animal or human to use it that way.

例１（E1）: Wild chimpanzees use sticks to dig insects out of their nests, the sticks have to be sharpened so they’ll fit into the hole in an ant hill or the insect nest. The chimp pulls off the leaves and chews the stick and trims it down that way until it’s the right size.

The professor gives an example of wild chimpanzees to illustrates this. He says wild chimps use sticks to dig insects out of nests, and to make sticks sharpened and the right size, they pull off the leaves, chew and trim it down.

種類2 (T2)：A broad definition
定義2 (D1)：Any object that’s used to perform a specific task.

The second type is a broad definition of tools, which the professor defines any object that’s used to perform a specific task.

例2（E2）：An elephant will sometimes use a stick to scratch its back, just picks up a stick from the ground and scratches its back with it, it uses it just as it’s found, the elephant doesn’t change it in any way.

The professor provides an example of an elephant to illustrate this. He states elephant will sometimes use a stick to scratch its back, but it just picks up a stick from the ground without modifying it.

That’s how the professor describes tools.

The professor discusses _________ and he /she describes two types/definitions of ______. （スクラッチペーパー:T）

The first type is__________, which the professor defines as________________.
（スクラッチペーパー:T1, D1）
The professor gives an example of ________ to illustrates this. （スクラッチペーパー:E1）
He says ______________________.（スクラッチペーパー:E1）

The second type is__________, which the professor defines as________________.
The professor provides an example of _______ to illustrates this.（スクラッチペーパー:E2）
He states ____________________.（スクラッチペーパー:E2）
That’s how the professor describes tools.

1. トピック
2. 1種類目のトピックと定義
3. 1種類目のトピックの例
4. 2種類目のトピックと定義
5. 2種類目のトピックの例